Work it out here
From capture velocity to a hood volume, and then to a duct
Capture velocity is not a flow. It is the air speed you need at the contaminant,
and turning it into a fan duty takes one equation — which almost nobody publishes.
Plain opening Q = V × (10X² + A)
Flanged hood Q = 0.75 × V × (10X² + A)
Q in m³/s · V = capture velocity (m/s) · X = distance from hood
face to the contaminant (m) · A = hood face area (m²). Note the X²:
move the hood twice as far away and you need roughly four times the air.
A 300 × 300 mm hood pulling 0.5 m/s
at 250 mm from the source:
CaseVolume
Plain opening1,287 m³/h
Same hood, flanged965 m³/h
A flange is the cheapest 25 per cent on this page. It stops the hood drawing
air from behind itself, so the same capture costs a quarter less air — and a quarter less
fan, duct and running cost with it.
Then the duct has its own minimum
Ductwork on dust duty is not sized for pressure drop — it is sized so the material
never settles. Below the transport velocity the duct silts up, the resistance climbs, and the
fan gets blamed for a problem the duct created.
ContaminantTransport velocity, m/s
Vapours, gases, smoke5–10
Fumes — welding, soldering10–12.5
Very fine light dust12.5–15
Dry dusts and powders15–17.5
Average industrial dust — grinding, sawing17.5–20
Heavy dust — shot blast, foundry shake-out20–22.5
Heavy or moist dustabove 22.5
Carrying our 1,287 m³/h at 17.5 m/s needs
0.0204 m² — about a
161 mm round duct. Size it larger for pressure drop and the
dust drops out; size it smaller and the loss climbs with the fifth power of diameter.
The capture velocity is yours, not ours
— it is set by the contaminant and the cross-draughts in your bay, and by whatever standard
governs the process. Give us the hood, the distance and the velocity you must hold, and the fan
follows from the arithmetic above.